EYFS
By the end of EYFS children will be able to: - Solve problems, including doubling, halving and sharing.
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Year 1
By the end of Year 1 children will be able to: - Solve one-step problems involving multiplication and division by calculating the answer using concrete objects, pictorial representations and arrays with the support of the teacher.
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Year 2
By the end of Year 2 children will be able to: - Recall and use multiplication and division facts for the 2, 5 and 10 multiplication tables, including recognising odd and even numbers.
- Show that multiplication of two numbers can be done in any order (commutative) and division of one number by another cannot.
- Calculate mathematical statements for multiplication and division within the multiplication tables and write them using the multiplication (x) division (÷) and equals (=) signs.
- Solve problems involving multiplication and division, using material, arrays, repeated addition, mental methods and multiplication and division facts, including problems in contexts.
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Year 3
By the end of Year 3 children will be able to: - Recall and use multiplication and division facts for the 3, 4 and 8 multiplication tables.
- Write and calculate mathematical statements for multiplication and division using the multiplication tables that they know, including for two-digit numbers, using mental and progressing to formal written methods.
- Solve problems including missing number problems, involving multiplication and division, including positive integer scaling problems and correspondence problems.
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Year 4
By the end of Year 4 children will be able to: - Recall multiplication and division facts for multiplication tables up to 12×12.
- Use place value, known and derived facts to multiply and divide mentally, including:
- Multiplying by 0 and 1
- Dividing by 1
- Multiplying together three numbers
- Recognise and use factor pairs and commutativity in mental in mental calculations.
- Multiply two-digit and three-digit numbers by a one-digit number using formal written layout.
- Solve problems involving multiplying and adding, including using the distributive law to multiply two-digit numbers by one digit, integer scaling problems and harder correspondence problems.
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Year 5
By the end of Year 5 children will be able to: - Identify multiples and factors, including finding all factor pairs of a number, and common factors of two numbers.
- Know and use the vocabulary of prime numbers, prime factors and composite (non-prime) numbers.
- Establish whether a number up to 100 is prime and recall prime numbers up to 19.
- Recognise and use square numbers and cube numbers, and the notation for squared (²) and cubed (³).
- Multiply numbers up to four digits by a one- or a two-digit number using a formal written method, including long multiplication for two-digit numbers.
- Multiply and divide numbers mentally drawing upon known facts.
- Divide numbers up to four digits by a one-digit number using the formal written method of short division and interpret remainders appropriately for the context.
- Multiply and divide whole numbers and those involving decimals by 10, 100 and 1000.
- Solve problems involving multiplication and division, including by using their knowledge of factors and multiples, squares and cubes.
- Solve problems involving multiplication and division, including scaling by simple fractions and problems involving simple rates.
- Solve problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication and division and a combination of these.
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Year 6
By the end of Year 6 children will be able to: - Identify common factors, common multiples, and prime numbers.
- Use estimation to check answers to calculations and determine, in the context of a problem, an appropriate degree of accuracy.
- Multiply multi-digit numbers up to four digits by a two-digit whole number using the formal written method of long multiplication.
- Divide numbers up to four digits by a two-digit whole number using the formal written method of long division, and interpret remainders as whole number remainders, fractions, or by rounding, as appropriate for the context.
- Divide numbers up to four digits by a two-digit number using the formal written method of short division where appropriate, interpreting remainders according to the context.
- Perform mental calculations, including with mixed operations and large numbers.
- Solve problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
- Use their knowledge of the four operations to carry out calculations involving the four operations.
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