Multiplication and Division

EYFS

By the end of EYFS children will be able to:

• Solve problems, including doubling, halving and sharing.

Year 1

By the end of Year 1 children will be able to:

• Solve one-step problems involving multiplication and division by calculating the answer using concrete objects, pictorial representations and arrays with the support of the teacher.

Year 2

By the end of Year 2 children will be able to:

• Recall and use multiplication and division facts for the 2, 5 and 10 multiplication tables, including recognising odd and even numbers.
• Show that multiplication of two numbers can be done in any order (commutative) and division of one number by another cannot.
• Calculate mathematical statements for multiplication and division within the multiplication tables and write them using the multiplication (x) division (÷) and equals (=) signs.
• Solve problems involving multiplication and division, using material, arrays, repeated addition, mental methods and multiplication and division facts, including problems in contexts.

Year 3

By the end of Year 3 children will be able to:

• Recall and use multiplication and division facts for the 3, 4 and 8 multiplication tables.
• Write and calculate mathematical statements for multiplication and division using the multiplication tables that they know, including for two-digit numbers, using mental and progressing to formal written methods.
• Solve problems including missing number problems, involving multiplication and division, including positive integer scaling problems and correspondence problems.

Year 4

By the end of Year 4 children will be able to:

• Recall multiplication and division facts for multiplication tables up to 12×12.
• Use place value, known and derived facts to multiply and divide mentally, including:
• Multiplying by 0 and 1
• Dividing by 1
• Multiplying together three numbers
• Recognise and use factor pairs and commutativity in mental in mental calculations.
• Multiply two-digit and three-digit numbers by a one-digit number using formal written layout.
• Solve problems involving multiplying and adding, including using the distributive law to multiply two-digit numbers by one digit, integer scaling problems and harder correspondence problems.

Year 5

By the end of Year 5 children will be able to:

• Identify multiples and factors, including finding all factor pairs of a number, and common factors of two numbers.
• Know and use the vocabulary of prime numbers, prime factors and composite (non-prime) numbers.
• Establish whether a number up to 100 is prime and recall prime numbers up to 19.
• Recognise and use square numbers and cube numbers, and the notation for squared (²) and cubed (³).
• Multiply numbers up to four digits by a one- or a two-digit number using a formal written method, including long multiplication for two-digit numbers.
• Multiply and divide numbers mentally drawing upon known facts.
• Divide numbers up to four digits by a one-digit number using the formal written method of short division and interpret remainders appropriately for the context.
• Multiply and divide whole numbers and those involving decimals by 10, 100 and 1000.
• Solve problems involving multiplication and division, including by using their knowledge of factors and multiples, squares and cubes.
• Solve problems involving multiplication and division, including scaling by simple fractions and problems involving simple rates.
• Solve problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication and division and a combination of these.

Year 6

By the end of Year 6 children will be able to:

• Identify common factors, common multiples, and prime numbers.
• Use estimation to check answers to calculations and determine, in the context of a problem, an appropriate degree of accuracy.
• Multiply multi-digit numbers up to four digits by a two-digit whole number using the formal written method of long multiplication.
• Divide numbers up to four digits by a two-digit whole number using the formal written method of long division, and interpret remainders as whole number remainders, fractions, or by rounding, as appropriate for the context.
• Divide numbers up to four digits by a two-digit number using the formal written method of short division where appropriate, interpreting remainders according to the context.
• Perform mental calculations, including with mixed operations and large numbers.
• Solve problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
• Use their knowledge of the four operations to carry out calculations involving the four operations.