Addition and Subtraction

EYFS

By the end of EYFS children will be able to:

• Find the total of items in two groups by counting all of them.
• Use the vocabulary involved in adding and subtracting in practical activities and discussion.
• Add and subtract two single-digit numbers and count on or back to find the answer using quantities and objects.

Year 1

By the end of Year 1 children will be able to:

• Read, write and interpret mathematical statements involving addition (+), subtraction (-) and equals (=) signs.
• Represent and use number bonds and related subtraction facts within 20.
• Add and subtract one-digit and two-digit numbers to 20, including zero.
• Solve one-step problems that involve addition and subtraction, using concrete objects and pictorial representations, and missing number problems such as
• 7 =  [  ] – 9

Year 2

By the end of Year 2 children will be able to:

• Recall and use addition and subtraction facts to 20 fluently, and derive and use related facts up to 100.
• Show that addition of two numbers can be done in any order (commutative) and subtraction of one number from another cannot.
• Recognise and use the inverse relationship between addition and subtraction and use this to check calculations and solve missing number problems.
• Add and subtract numbers using concrete objects, pictorial representations, and mentally, including:
• A two-digit number and ones
• A two-digit number and tens
• Two two-digit numbers
• Adding three one-digit numbers
• Solve problems with addition and subtraction:
• Using concrete objects and pictorial representations, including those involving numbers, quantities and measures
• Applying their increasing knowledge of mental and written methods

Year 3

By the end of Year 3 children will be able to:

• Estimate the answer to a calculation and use inverse operations to check answers.
• Add and subtract numbers mentally, including:

• A three-digit number and ones
• A three-digit number and tens
• A three-digit number and hundreds

• Add and subtract numbers with up to three digits, using formal written methods of columnar addition and subtraction.
• Solve problems, including missing. Number problems, using number facts, place value and more complex addition and subtraction.

Year 4

By the end of Year 4 children will be able to:

• Estimate and use inverse operations to check answers to a calculation.
• Add and subtract numbers with up to four digits using the formal written methods of columnar addition and subtraction where appropriate.
• Solve addition and subtraction multi-step problems in contexts, deciding which operations and methods to use and why.

Year 5

By the end of Year 5 children will be able to:

• Use rounding to check answers to calculations and determine, in the context of a problem, levels of accuracy.
• Add and subtract whole numbers with up to four digits, including using formal written methods (columnar addition and subtraction).
• Add and subtract numbers mentally using increasingly large numbers.
• Solve addition and subtraction multi-step problems in contexts, deciding which operations and methods to use and why.
• Solve problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication and division and a combination of these, including understanding the meaning of the equals sign.

Year 6

By the end of Year 6 children will be able to:

• Perform mental calculations, including with mixed operations and large numbers.
• Use their knowledge of the order of operations to carry out calculations.
• Solve addition and subtraction multi-step problems in contexts, deciding which operations and methods to use and why.